Doubly Imprisoned: Transgender and Non-binary Prisoners’ Experiences in England and Wales

In this chapter, we explore the lived experiences of transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) prisoners, arguably most vulnerable minority in prison estate, using data from our correspondence study with women non-binary individuals incarcerated male establishments England Wales. We provide a brief review extant literature, describe English system regulations concerning analyze two axes vulnerability TGNC prisoners: social (stemming relationships between prisoners) institutional (resulting regime). Along axes, find, contrast prior research, that respondents defied stereotypes trans prisoners as submissive to males hypermasculine society involved primarily abusive relationships. find that, despite progressive by international standards regulations, were subject vicissitudes treatment negatively affected their ability express health. Focusing on access gender-affirming items (clothing, prosthetics, make-up) medical treatment, develop recommendations for service could improve conditions confinement prisoners.